Masu kashe gobara su ne masu kare rayukan mutane da dukiyoyinsu, yayin da motocin kashe gobara su ne manyan kayan aikin da masu kashe gobara ke amfani da su don magance gobara da sauran bala'o'i. An ƙera motar kashe gobara ta farko a duniya da ke amfani da injin ƙona wuta (injin ƙona wuta na ciki yana tuƙi mota da famfon kashe gobara) a Jamus a shekarar 1910, kuma an ƙera motar kashe gobara ta farko a ƙasata a shekarar 1932 ta masana'antar ƙarfe ta Shanghai Aurora. Bayan kafa sabuwar ƙasar Sin, jam'iyyar da gwamnati sun ba da muhimmanci sosai ga ci gaban kariyar gobara. A shekarar 1965, tsohuwar Ma'aikatar Kashe Gobara ta Ma'aikatar Tsaron Jama'a (wacce yanzu ita ce Ofishin Agajin Gaggawa na Ma'aikatar Kula da Gaggawa) ta shirya Masana'antar Kayan Kashe Gobara ta Shanghai, Masana'antar Kayan Kashe Gobara ta Changchun da Masana'antar Injinan Kashe Gobara ta Aurora. Masana'antun motoci sun tsara tare da ƙera motar kashe gobara ta farko da aka samar da yawa a New China, wato motar kashe gobara ta tankin ruwa ta CG13, a Shanghai, kuma an fara samar da ita a hukumance a shekarar 1967. Tare da saurin ci gaban tattalin arzikin zamantakewa, masana'antar motocin kashe gobara ta ƙasata ta bunƙasa cikin sauri, tare da nau'ikan kayayyaki daban-daban, kuma nau'ikan motocin kashe gobara daban-daban kamar motocin kashe gobara da motocin agajin gaggawa sun bayyana.
Motar kashe gobara ta farko ta China (samfurin Gidan Tarihin Kashe Gobara na China)
Ingancin motocin kashe gobara yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ingancinsukashe gobarada kuma ƙungiyoyin ceto wajen gudanar da ayyukan kashe gobara da ceto, wanda ke shafar tsaron rayuka da dukiyoyin mutane kai tsaye. Saboda haka, gyaran ƙa'idodinsa yana da mahimmanci don inganta tasirin yaƙin ƙungiyoyin kashe gobara da ceto. Domin tabbatar da inganci da amincin motocin kashe gobara, a shekarar 1987, Darakta Li Enxiang na tsohuwar Cibiyar Bincike ta Kimiyyar Kashe Gobara ta Shanghai ta Ma'aikatar Tsaron Jama'a (wanda yanzu Cibiyar Bincike ta Wutar Lantarki ta Shanghai ta Sashen Gudanar da Gaggawa, wanda daga baya ake kira "Cibiyar Shangxiao") ya jagoranci tsara motar kashe gobara ta farko ta ƙasata. Tsarin samfurin ƙasa na tilas "Bukatun aikin motar kashe gobara da hanyoyin gwaji" (GB 7956-87). Sigar 87 ta ma'aunin motar kashe gobara ta fi mayar da hankali kan kimanta aikin abin hawa da amincinsa, kamar aikin hanzarta abin hawa, matsin lamba na famfon ruwa, lokacin ɗaga motar ɗagawa, da sauransu, musamman don ci gaba da aikin famfon wuta, lokacin aiki akai-akai, da sauransu. An gudanar da bincike da tabbatarwa da yawa, kuma an yi amfani da kayan gwajin aikin hydraulic da hanyoyin gwaji masu alaƙa har zuwa yanzu. Tsarin da aiwatar da wannan ma'auni ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta aikin hydraulic da kuma ƙarfin kashe gobara na motocin kashe gobara a wancan lokacin.
A shekarar 1998, an fitar da bugu na farko da aka sake fasalinsa na GB 7956 mai taken "Bukatun Aiki da Hanyoyin Gwaji ga Motocin Kashe Gobara". Dangane da sigar 87 ta wannan ma'auni, wannan sigar ta haɗa takamaiman yanayin ƙasa na samarwa da amfani da motocin kashe gobara da ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi masu dacewa na motocin da dole ne a bi. Yana ƙara inganta aikin kashe gobara da gwajin aminci na motocin kashe gobara, kuma an sake fasalin aikin birki na motocin kashe gobara. Bukatun gwaji da hanyoyin sun inganta sassaucin tsarin motocin kashe gobara. Gabaɗaya, sigar 98 ta ma'aunin motar kashe gobara ta gaji ra'ayin gabaɗaya na sigar 87, galibi tana mai da hankali kan inganta aikin motar kashe gobara.
Tare da saurin ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci ta ƙasata, fasahar kashe gobara da ceto, da kuma faɗaɗa ayyukan ƙungiyoyin kashe gobara da ceto, nau'ikan motocin kashe gobara sun zama ruwan dare. Ana amfani da dukkan nau'ikan sabbin kayayyaki, sabbin fasahohi, sabbin kayan aiki, da sabbin dabaru da yawa. Bukatun aminci da kuma daidaita amfani da motocin kashe gobara suna ƙaruwa koyaushe, kuma sigar 98 ta ma'aunin motocin kashe gobara a hankali ba ta iya biyan buƙatun ci gaban kayayyakin motocin kashe gobara ba. Domin daidaitawa da buƙatun sabon yanayi, daidaita kasuwar motocin kashe gobara, da kuma jagorantar haɓaka fasahar kayayyakin motocin kashe gobara, Kwamitin Gudanar da Daidaito na Ƙasa ya ba da aikin sake duba ma'aunin motar kashe gobara na GB 7956 zuwa Cibiyar Masu Amfani da Kayayyaki ta Shanghai a 2006. A shekarar 2009, an gabatar da sabon ma'aunin ƙasa na GB 7956 "Motar Kashe Gobara" don sake dubawa. A shekarar 2010, tsohuwar Hukumar Kashe Gobara ta Ma'aikatar Tsaron Jama'a (wadda yanzu ita ce Ofishin Ceto Gobara na Ma'aikatar Gudanar da Gaggawa) ta yi la'akari da cewa motoci da yawa da aka haɗa a cikin wannan tsari ba su dace da aiwatarwa da aiwatar da shi a aikace ba, kuma ta yanke shawarar raba wannan tsari zuwa ƙananan ƙa'idodi waɗanda suka dace da nau'ikan motocin kashe gobara daban-daban, wanda ya zama ƙa'idar GB ta ƙasa da ta wajaba don jerin motocin kashe gobara na 7956. Darakta Fan Hua, Mai Bincike Wan Ming, da Mataimakin Mai Bincike Jiang Xudong na Cibiyar Masu Amfani da Kaya ta Shanghai ne suka jagoranci tsara dukkan jerin ƙa'idodin motocin kashe gobara. Ya haɗa da ƙananan ƙa'idodi 24 (wanda aka fitar da 12 kuma aka aiwatar, an gabatar da 6 don amincewa, kuma an kammala gabatarwa don sake dubawa. 6), wanda ke ƙayyade buƙatun fasaha na gabaɗaya don samfuran motocin kashe gobara, da kuma takamaiman buƙatun fasaha don nau'ikan samfuran motocin kashe gobara 37 a cikin rukuni 4, gami da kashe gobara, ɗagawa, sabis na musamman, da tsaro.
Taron Talla na yau da kullun na GB7956.1-2014
Sabbin ka'idojin da aka tsara na jerin motocin kashe gobara na GB 7956 na ƙasa baki ɗaya a karon farko sun ƙunshi cikakken tsarin ma'aunin motocin kashe gobara a China. Ka'idojin fasaha sun shafi fannoni daban-daban na ƙira, samarwa, dubawa, karɓuwa, da kuma kula da nau'ikan motocin kashe gobara daban-daban. Abubuwan da ke ciki cikakke ne kuma alamun sun dace. , Kusa da ainihin yaƙin gobara, ƙarfin aiki, kuma ya yi daidai da ƙa'idodin motoci na yanzu na China, ƙa'idodin gudanarwa masu dacewa don samfuran kariya daga gobara, da ƙa'idodin takardar shaidar motocin kashe gobara da sauran ƙa'idodi da ƙa'idodi. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ci gaban masana'antar motocin kashe gobara ta China da ci gaban fasaha. . A cikin tsarin shirye-shiryen jerin ƙa'idodi, an yi la'akari da ƙwarewar masana'antun motocin kashe gobara na cikin gida da na waje. Yawancin sigogin fasaha ana samun su ta hanyar bincike na cikin gida da na waje da gwajin gwaji. An gabatar da wasu buƙatun fasaha da hanyoyin gwaji a karon farko a gida da waje. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, haƙƙin mallakar fasaha mai zaman kansa ya haɓaka saurin inganta ingancin motocin kashe gobara na ƙasata kuma ya hanzarta aikin kayayyakin ƙasashen waje.
Gwajin tabbatarwa na aikin hydraulic na motar kashe gobara ta kumfa
Gwada tabbatar da damuwa da matsin lamba kan hayaniyar motar kashe gobara da ta tashi
Tabbatar da Gwajin Kwanciyar Hankali na Babban Motar Wuta Mai Ɗagawa
Tsarin jerin motocin kashe gobara na GB 7956 ba wai kawai shine babban tushen fasaha don samun kasuwa da kuma kula da ingancin motocin kashe gobara ba, har ma da takamaiman fasaha don ƙira da samar da kayayyaki na masana'antun motocin kashe gobara. A lokaci guda, yana kuma tanadar da sayo, karɓa, amfani da kuma kula da motocin kashe gobara ga ƙungiyoyin ceto gobara. Yana ba da garantin fasaha mai inganci. Baya ga aiwatar da shi gaba ɗaya ta hanyar kamfanoni, hukumomin dubawa da takaddun shaida a ƙasashe daban-daban, an kuma fassara jerin ƙa'idodin zuwa sigar Ingilishi da Jamusanci ta masana'antun motocin kashe gobara na ƙasashen waje kuma hukumomin ba da takardar shaida da gwaji na Turai da Amurka suna amfani da su sosai. Fitar da jerin ƙa'idodi na GB 7956 yana aiwatar da ƙa'idodi masu inganci kuma yana haɓaka ci gaban masana'antar motocin kashe gobara, yana hanzarta ritaya da kawar da tsoffin fasahohi da kayayyaki, kuma ya taka rawa mai ƙarfi wajen inganta matakin bincike da haɓaka motocin kashe gobara na ƙasata da gina kayan aikin ƙungiyar ceto gobara. Yayin da yake ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga kare rayuka da kadarorin mutane, ya kuma haɓaka cinikayyar ƙasa da ƙasa da musayar fasaha na kayayyakin motocin kashe gobara, wanda ya haifar da fa'idodi masu yawa na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Saboda haka, jerin ka'idojin sun lashe kyautar karo na uku ta lambar yabo ta Gudummawar Kirkire-kirkire ta Sin ta 2020.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-11-2021